31 research outputs found

    The political business cycle in the Czech Republic

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    One of the failures of the political market is the existence of the politically motivated cycle, which is driven by the tendency of politicians to maximise their profit in elections by influencing macroeconomic indicators. The purpose of this article is to prove or contradict the existence of the political business cycle and to define its type in the Czech Republic. Specific political business cycle models are tested by using estimates from linear regression models. With the addition of the tested political variable, the linear regression model has an autoregressive form. This article analyses data from the first quarter of 1993 to the fourth quarter of 2012. We conclude, based on our empiric analysis, that in the Czech Republic it is possible to influence macroeconomic indexes during the preelection period. Indexes are influenced in the sense of the Nordhaus model of the political business cycle, which assumes the adaptive expectations of electors and opportunistic behaviour by the political authorities

    The conditional political tax cycle: The role of fiscal credibility and transparency

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    Incumbent politicians tend to use fiscal instruments in order to improve their election outcome. Surprisingly, the whole tax structure can be the subject of political manipulations under certain circumstances. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the conditional political tax cycle in the OECD countries. This means evaluating whether there are conditional systematic decreases in the tax revenue before the elections in the OECD countries. We investigate whether such systematic decreases depend on the transparency and credibility of fiscal policy. We use an unbalanced cross-country time series data set, comprising 34 developed countries (the OECD members) over the period 2000– 2013. A dynamic panel linear regression model is tested in this article, while FD GMM is employed. The results are as follows. First, there is a statistically significant political tax cycle in the tax revenues in the countries with a lower level of fiscal credibility and transparency. Second, the political tax cycle is noticeable especially in the consumption taxes

    Specificity of joint stock companies with state property interest

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    Specifika akciových společností s majetkovou účastí státu Abstrakt Tato diplomová práce se zaměřuje na problematiku akciových společností s majetkovým podílem státu. Práce se snaží o koncentraci výlučně na akciové společnosti, pouze s krátkými úvody k dalším formám majetkových účastí státu v podnicích. Cílem je vymezení postavení státu jako právnické osoby a následně jako akcionáře, analýza informační povinnosti akciových společností s majetkovým podílem státu, a nakonec nastínění několika dalších specifik akciových společností s majetkovým podílem státu. V první části týkající se postavení státu si práce klade za cíl dostatečně izolovat akciové společnosti s majetkovým podílem státu od dalších možných druhů majetkové účasti státu v právnických osobách, a to za použití výkladu vyplývajícího z právních předpisů s doplněním interpretace rozhodovací praxí soudů. Druhá část práce se podrobně zabývá informační povinností akciových společností s majetkovým podílem státu, kde je cílem analyzovat rozhodovací praxi Ústavního soudu ve vztahu k pojmu veřejné instituce ve smyslu zákona o svobodném přístupu k informacím. Další kapitoly této části se zabývají dílčí problematikou informační povinnosti obsažené v zákoně o zadávání veřejných zakázek a v zákone o registru smluv. V druhé části jsou ve velké míře použity...Specificity of joint stock companies with state property interest Abstract This diploma thesis focuses on state-owned stock companies. This thesis aims to focus purely on stock companies with only short introductions to other forms of state ownership of corporations. The goal is to identify state as a legal entity and also as a shareholder. The other goals are an analysis of obligation to provide information and lastly a brief analysis of some other specifics when it comes to state-owned stock companies. The first part dealing with the identification of the state aims to sufficiently isolate stock companies from other possible state-owned corporations, while interpreting the relevant legal provisions combined with relevant court decisions. The second part focuses in detail on the obligation to provide information of state- owned stock companies. The goal is to analyze the relevant decisions of the Czech Constitutional Court in relation to the Act on freedom of information. Other chapters of this part focus on obligation to provide information in relation to Act on public procurement and to Act on the contract register . This second part heavily relies on judicial practice of both national and EU institutions. The third part deals with certain other specifics, which relate to state-owned stock companies....Department of Business LawKatedra obchodního právaPrávnická fakultaFaculty of La

    A novel LabVIEW-based multi-channel non-invasive abdominal maternal-fetal electrocardiogram signal generator

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    PubMed ID: 26799770Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.Web of Science37225623

    Virtual simulator for the generation of patho-physiological foetal ECGs during the prenatal period

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    The design, implementation, and verification of a signal simulator for the generation of patho-physiological records of foetal electrocardiograms (fECGs) during the prenatal period are briefly reported. The simulator enables users to model the patho-physiological changes that occur within the foetus’ myocardium under hypoxic conditions (hypoxemia, hypoxia, asphyxia, etc.) during the 20th to 42nd week of pregnancy. The simulator deploys a dynamic fECG model including an actual fECG record taken from clinical practice, patho-physiological cardiotocography (CTG), and ST-analysis (STAN) records along with the ratio of T waves to the QRS complex; as well as clinical recommendations by FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) for classifying these records. By comparing synthesised and real patho-physiological CTG and STAN records, the functionality of the simulator, which effectively captured significant indicators of the foetus’ condition during the prenatal period including fECG morphology, dynamic fECG characteristics, and others is evaluated and validated. The simulator enables users to test both current and emerging approaches in a very challenging area of gynaecology, namely the identification/classification of hypoxic conditions in the foetus during labour. Obstetricians can also use the simulator as a reference tool during the evaluation of suspect fECG abnormalitiesWeb of Science51221739173

    Non-invasive fetal monitoring: a maternal surface ECG electrode placement-based novel approach for optimization of adaptive filter control parameters using the LMS and RLS algorithms

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    This paper is focused on the design, implementation and verification of a novel method for the optimization of the control parameters (such as step size mu and filter order N) of LMS and RLS adaptive filters used for noninvasive fetal monitoring. The optimization algorithm is driven by considering the ECG electrode positions on the maternal body surface in improving the performance of these adaptive filters. The main criterion for optimal parameter selection was the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). We conducted experiments using signals supplied by the latest version of our LabVIEW-Based Multi-Channel Non-Invasive Abdominal Maternal-Fetal Electrocardiogram Signal Generator, which provides the flexibility and capability of modeling the principal distribution of maternal/fetal ECGs in the human body. Our novel algorithm enabled us to find the optimal settings of the adaptive filters based on maternal surface ECG electrode placements. The experimental results further confirmed the theoretical assumption that the optimal settings of these adaptive filters are dependent on the ECG electrode positions on the maternal body, and therefore, we were able to achieve far better results than without the use of optimization. These improvements in turn could lead to a more accurate detection of fetal hypoxia. Consequently, our approach could offer the potential to be used in clinical practice to establish recommendations for standard electrode placement and find the optimal adaptive filter settings for extracting high quality fetal ECG signals for further processing. Ultimately, diagnostic-grade fetal ECG signals would ensure the reliable detection of fetal hypoxia.Web of Science175art. no. 115

    A phonocardiographic-based fiber-optic sensor and adaptive filtering system for noninvasive continuous fetal heart rate monitoring

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    This paper focuses on the design, realization, and verification of a novel phonocardiographic-based fiber-optic sensor and adaptive signal processing system for noninvasive continuous fetal heart rate (fHR) monitoring. Our proposed system utilizes two Mach-Zehnder interferometeric sensors. Based on the analysis of real measurement data, we developed a simplified dynamic model for the generation and distribution of heart sounds throughout the human body. Building on this signal model, we then designed, implemented, and verified our adaptive signal processing system by implementing two stochastic gradient-based algorithms: the Least Mean Square Algorithm (LMS), and the Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) Algorithm. With this system we were able to extract the fHR information from high quality fetal phonocardiograms (fPCGs), filtered from abdominal maternal phonocardiograms (mPCGs) by performing fPCG signal peak detection. Common signal processing methods such as linear filtering, signal subtraction, and others could not be used for this purpose as fPCG and mPCG signals share overlapping frequency spectra. The performance of the adaptive system was evaluated by using both qualitative (gynecological studies) and quantitative measures such as: Signal-to-Noise Ratio-SNR, Root Mean Square Error-RMSE, Sensitivity-S+, and Positive Predictive Value-PPV.Web of Science174art. no. 89

    Government Failures in the Czech Republic

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    Import 11/07/2012Pokud období velké hospodářské krize ve 30. letech vedlo k úvahám o selhání tržního mechanismu, potom krizové období 70. let minulého století, jemuž předcházely rozsáhlé státní zásahy, vedlo ekonomy a politology ke zkoumání příčin selhání vlády. Právě selháními vlády se zabývá tato diplomová práce. Využívá přitom poznatků teorie veřejné volby, která k analýze politického chování používá teorie a metody ekonomie a ve své podstatě systematicky studuje demokratické rozhodovací procesy. Práce je rozdělena do tří samostatných kapitol, z nichž každá sleduje dílčí cíle této práce. Po úvodu diplomové práce následuje druhá kapitola, která teoreticky popisuje vládní selhání. Třetí kapitola se zabývá analýzou politicko-ekonomického cyklu (PEC) a politicko-rozpočtového cyklu v podmínkách ČR. Závěrečná, čtvrtá kapitola se na základě předchozích částí pokouší navrhnout některá doporučení v této oblasti.As long as the Great Depression in 30s has led to considerations of the failure of the market mechanism, then the crisis 70s with a lot government intervention has made economists and political scientists of the government failure to investigate. This diploma thesis is focused on the Government Failures and evaluation of the Public choice theory, which is using Economy theory and methods to analyse political behavior. The analysis has been made on the democratic decision-making processes. The work is divided into three main parts whose outputs defines the subgoals of this work. After the introduction is chapter which is describing the Government's failure. The next section analyse the Political-Economics Cycle and the Political Budget Cycle in the Czech republic area. The last chapter is based on previous parts and the strong focus was given to description of the possibly recommendations in my work.156 - Katedra národohospodářskávýborn

    Management of the organization using the model of excellence

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    Bakalářská práce s názvem Řízení podniku pomocí modelu excelence se věnuje problematice zavádění moderních metod managementu založených na koncepci EFQM do vybrané organizace. V rešeršní části je charakterizován koncept managementu kvality a členění přístupů s provázaností na EFQM. Dále je v práci charakterizován model excelence, především z pohledu jeho koncepce a kritérií. V analytické části je kompletní model Start Plus aplikován na vybranou společností poskytující pečovatelské služby. Následuje subjektivní bodové hodnocení a určení silných stránek organizace společně se stránkami potencionálními. Závěr práce je věnován celkovému zhodnocení výsledků organizace a závěrečným doporučením pro její budoucí rozvoj a prosperitu.In the introductory part of the selected bachelor thesis entitled Managing a business using the model of excellence describes quality management. The final part is devoted to complex completion of the Start Plus model. In the theoretical part is characterized the concept of quality management, development and division of approaches with links to TQM. Furthermore, the work is more analyzed model of excellence. Above all its concept and criteria. In the analytical part is processed a complete model Start Plus with a selected company providing care services. Subsequent subjective scoring and determination of strengths together with potential upgrades. In the conclusion there is an overall evaluation of the company's results with a final recommendation for future development and prosperity
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